
Creating Your Best Life
The Ultimate Life List Guide
Caroline Adams Miller is one of my favorite human beings on the planet. And... This book is one of my ALL-TIME favorite books. In fact, it’s at least tied for first as my all-time favorite positive psychology book. Caroline has a remarkable ability to make the basic science of well-being SUPER PRACTICAL and the density of TRULY PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFICALLY GROUNDED wisdom in this book is astonishing. Gary Latham wrote the foreword. As you may know, Dr. Latham (and his colleague Dr. Edwin Locke) are THE WORLD’s preeminent authorities on the science of goal setting. His two-page foreword in and of itself is amazing. He tells us: “This book is a ‘must read’ because it brings science to life—your life.” I agree. I highly recommend you check it out. As you can imagine, the book is PACKED with Big Ideas. It’s going to be tough to focus on just a handful of my favorite Big Ideas, so let’s get straight to work!
Big Ideas
- The “Big Four”Optimism, Self-Confidence, Extraversion, Self-Efficacy.
- WillpowerOutpredicts IQ by A Factor of 2.
- Life-Changing Goals (Are “Challenging & Specific”)Are Challenging and Specific.
- How to Triple Your SuccessWith If-Then Implementation Intentions.
- You Gotta Have GritIt Does a Hero Good.
“Findings from thirty years of research on life satisfaction show that happiness requires having clear-cut goals in life that give us a sense of purpose and direction. When we make progress toward satisfying our most cherished needs, goals, and wishes in the sixteen areas of life that contribute to contentment, we create well-being. Our research shows that when we make progress toward attaining goals in one area of our life, we raise our overall life satisfaction in other areas because of this potent ‘spillover’ effect. …
If you follow our step-by-step method, you will learn what areas of your life matter most to you, what types of goals will bring you the greatest satisfaction, how to pursue them to completion, and how to flexibly disengage from goal pursuit that no longer suits your day-to-day reality. You will also learn happiness-boosting strategies that will increase your persistence and zest, as well as how to cope with the inevitable disappointments and setbacks that can threaten to undermine all goal support. In short, we give you a complete, step-by-step guide to understanding how to set and achieve goals, and we show you how and why this pursuit has the impact of making you happier, too.”
~ Caroline Adams Miller from Creating Your Best Life
Caroline Adams Miller is one of my favorite human beings on the planet.
And... This book is one of my ALL-TIME favorite books. In fact, it’s at least tied for first as my all-time favorite positive psychology book.
(Note: We have Notes on nearly ALL the best positive psychology books—from Seligman’s Flourish to Angela Duckworth’s Grit—so that’s saying a lot!
Why is that?
Because Caroline has a remarkable ability to make the basic science of well-being SUPER PRACTICAL and the density of TRULY PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFICALLY GROUNDED wisdom in this book is astonishing.
Gary Latham wrote the foreword. As you may know, Dr. Latham (and his colleague Dr. Edwin Locke) are THE WORLD’S preeminent authorities on the science of goal setting.
His two-page foreword in and of itself is amazing. He tells us: “This book is a ‘must read’ because it brings science to life—your life.”
I agree. I highly recommend you check it out. Get the book here.
As you can imagine, the book is PACKED with Big Ideas. It’s going to be tough to focus on just a handful of my favorite Big Ideas but that’s why you pay me the big bucks (wink ;), so let’s get straight to work!
P.S. Caroline’s first book is also amazing. It’s called Getting Grit.
P.P.S. Here’s a short list of the books by authors/researchers Caroline references on which I’ve created Notes: Flourish, Learned Optimism, and Authentic Happiness by Martin Seligman, The Last Lecture by Randy Pausch, The Psychology of Hope by Rick Snyder, Happier and The Pursuit of Perfect by Tal Ben-Shahar, The How of Happiness and The Myths of Happiness by Sonja Lyubomirsky, Thanks! and Gratitude Works! by Robert Emmons, Love 2.0 by Barbara Fredrickson, Why We Do What We Do by Ed Deci, Flow and Creativity by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, The Marshmallow Test by Walter Mischel, Willpower by Roy Baumeister, Peak by Anders Ericsson, How to Win Friends and Influence People and How to Quit Worrying and Start Living by Dale Carnegie, Pursuing the Good Life by Chris Peterson, Succeed by Heidi Grant Halvorson, The Emotional Life of Your Brain by Richie Davidson, plus The Power of Full Engagement and Toughness Training for Life by Jim Loehr.
(I smiled as I typed that list out. That’s a LOT of wisdom in there...)
Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn't do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.
Locke and Latham also found in many studies that measurable goals produced more and better efforts. ‘That which cannot be measured cannot be achieved,’ they summarized beautifully in their seminal textbook.
The “Big Four”
“Because we’re able to pinpoint the people and families who are happiest as well as the conditions that contribute to or detract from their well-being, we’re also able to specify which personality characteristics are common to those happy people. There are several different ways to describe the qualities of happy people, but we focus on what is commonly described as the ‘big four’:
1 - OPTIMISM.Happy people are optimistic because they tend to believe that they will experience happy outcomes and resolve problems more quickly than do pessimists. They are quick to pat themselves on the back for a job well done, and when they experience setbacks, they do not personalize them or see the issues as persistent and pervasive problems that are likely to recur.
2 - SELF-CONFIDENCE.Happy people are self-confident and like themselves. Their self-confidence stems from high self-regard, and they tend to see themselves as kinder, more generous, ethical, intelligent, healthy—and freer from prejudice—than others.
3 - EXTROVERSION. Happy people are extroverted and thrive on the energy that is created by interacting with others, joining groups, and helping others feel at ease.
4 - SELF-EFFICACY.Happy people have self-efficacy, which simply means they not only set goals but have a strong belief in themselves that they either have what it takes to get something done or can learn how to get it done. Self-efficacy also implies the belief that your life is in your hands, and that you have the ability to control your own behavior to shape your destiny.”
That’s from chapter #2: “What’s All the Fuss About Happiness, Anyway?”
The answer to that rhetorical question? Happiness matters. In fact, Caroline tells us that learning how to become “even a little bit happier can have a massive impact on your success.”
Here’s a SUPER quick look at how to dial in each of the “Big Four”...
Optimize your Optimism with Ideas from Learned Optimism and this +1 on Failure Is a L-I-E.
Take your Self-Confidence to the next level by watching Confidence 101 and Antifragility 101 and have fun with all our mental toughness books.
Optimize your Extroversion by knowing that you don’t need to be an “extrovert” per se but YOU DO need to know that happy people have great relationships. So... Get out there and invest in those relationships!
And... Optimize your Self-Efficacy with this +1 on The Science of Self-Efficacy and rewatch Confidence 101 and Antifragility 101 for bonus points. :)
The “Big Four”: Optimism. Self-Confidence. Extroversion. Self-Efficacy.
What’s working and what needs a little work? And, most importantly (as always!), what’s ONE THING you know you can do to optimize one of those qualities TODAY?
Implementation intentions (if-then scenarios) not only triple the likelihood of taking important actions toward accomplishing goals; they are most effective when used on hard-to-accomplish goals.
Lack of activity destroys the good condition of every human being, while movement and methodical physical exercise save it and preserve it.
Willpower
“There is nothing that matters more in goal accomplishment than the ability to resist the urge to give in to little voices that tell us that it’s okay to quit when the going gets tough. Researchers have studied willpower in various forms for decades, and their conclusions are consistent: The key to success with any goal is to withstand temptation and persist through discomfort. The inability to do this has far-reaching consequences. …
The seminal work at Stanford University on delayed gratification by Walter Mischel has been replicated over the past fifty years by many others who study self-regulation (also referred to as self-control or willpower), and goes right to the heart of whether or not we will be able to achieve life list goals and enjoy a high quality of life. If we cannot withstand temptation when it arises, control our urges when we are tired, start something new and challenging, and invoke the power of discipline when we’re in the final stretches of attaining something important, we will always be destined to live the ‘pleasant’ life, which doesn’t demand much from us, but certainly won’t allow us to maximize our potential and achieve our goals, either.”
That’s from chapter #6: “Willpower: Why You Must Say No Sometimes.”
Willpower. As we’ve discussed many times, it’s one of THE greatest predictors of success.
In Flourish, Martin Seligman tells us: “Self-discipline outpredicts IQ for academic success by a factor of 2.”
In Willpower, Roy Baumeister tells us: “Improving willpower is the surest way to a better life.”
Then there’s Walter Mischel. He’s the guy who ran the famous “Marshmallow Test” (check out the Notes on his book) in which he offered little kids the choice to have ONE marshmallow now or TWO marshmallows later if they could just wait 15 minutes.
The kids who could delay their gratification in that simple little experiment, outperformed the kids who *couldn’t* on the SAT a decade later and on basically EVERY OTHER measure in the decades that followed.
Here’s how Mischel puts it: “The more seconds they waited at age four or five, the higher their SAT scores and the better their rated social and cognitive functioning in adolescence. At age 27-32, those who had waited longer during the Marshmallow Test in preschool had a lower body mass index and a better sense of self-worth, pursued their goals more effectively, and coped more adaptively with frustration and stress. At midlife, those who could consistently wait (‘high delay’), versus those who couldn’t (‘low delay’), were characterized by distinctively different brain scans in areas linked to addictions and obesity.”
Good news: You CAN improve your willpower/self-discipline/self-control.
Check out the Notes on each of those books I referenced above along with our Willpower 101 and Habits 101 classes for more. And... We have a ton of other Notes in both our “Willpower” and “Habits” categories in our Heroic app.
For now... What’s ONE THING you KNOW you could start doing TODAY that would most help you move from Theory to Practice to Mastery?
Get on that, Hero!
An average person with average talent and ambition and average education can outstrip the most brilliant genius in our society if that person has clear, focused goals.
Life-Changing Goals (Are “Challenging & Specific”)
“Edwin Locke and Gary Latham are the two brilliant men who have worked together for decades to cobble together goal-setting theory, an approach that is so powerful it has been dubbed the number one tested management technique for achieving change in the workplace. Locke and Latham coauthored a textbook called A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance and have overseen numerous studies that underscore one of the most important points about goals, and one that is frequently not honored.
If you are seeking an outcome in a performance goal—such as achieving a certain grade, salary, race finish, or anything that can be measured—your goal must be ‘challenging and specific,’ according to Latham, and individuals’ omission of this one feature is the number one reason why most goals fail: ‘People don’t always like to work hard at their goals, and they want to wish for positive outcomes and keep the goals deliberately vague. Making performance goals challenging and specific is the only way around this trap,’ Latham said, adding, ‘Easy goals also mean you never have to get down on yourself if you fail.’
After observing workers in hundreds of situations, Latham and Locke found that two goal conditions consistently lowered productivity and results: ‘low goals’ and ‘no goal.’ Low goals, they discovered, were goals that were not particularly challenging, and that didn’t require a person to exert himself or herself much. These mediocre goals were shown time and time again to produce subpar results.
Subsequent work… determined these types of mediocre goals also fail to promote ‘authentic self-esteem,’ which they concluded came only from pursuing hard tasks that took a person outside his or her comfort zone.
For this reason, we challenge the word ‘realistic’ as a guideline for all life list goals. Some of our best goals may appear to be unrealistic at first, but when broken down, they are attainable if our best efforts are rewarded with the most promising possible outcomes.”
That’s from a chapter called “Life-Changing Goals” in which Caroline challenges some of the accepted wisdom around “SMART” goals and backs up her challenges with the SCIENCE that tells us how to set the most powerful (life-changing!) goals.
She follows that passage up with “a story about a goal that appeared to be unrealistic, but that simply turned out to be ‘challenging and specific’:
When Michael Phelps, one of the greatest swimmers in history, was just a tadpole, his coach, Bob Bowman, called his parents into his office for a goal-setting session. Bowman outlined an audacious training plan for the next few years that eventually resulted in the attainment of an Olympic medal in Phelps’s teen years. Phelps was only eleven at the time of the goal-setting conversation, however, so his astonished parents just looked at the coach and openly questioned his sanity. Bowman, who had a history of recognizing excellence, said that his goals might seem unrealistic at the moment, but that they were definitely something he felt would guide the talented young boy, and not intimidate him. To his credit, the young Phelps adopted these goals as his own, and actually accomplished all of them before Bowman’s predicted timeline, proving that some goals that appear to be unrealistic are simply challenging goals that demand that we give them everything we’ve got.”
As I read that I thought of a few things and people...
First, I thought of Michael Phelps and his book No Limits in which he walks us through HOW he achieved all the things he achieved with his Heroic coach, Bob Bowman.
Phelps tells us: “Bob is exquisitely demanding. But it is with him that I learned this essential truth: Nothing is impossible.”
Then I thought of Heidi Grant Halvorson and wisdom from her great book on the science of goal setting called Succeed.
I also thought of the #1 thing she says the most successful people in the world do differently. In THE most popular blog post in Harvard Business Review’s history (see 9 Things Successful People Do Differently), she tells us that THE #1 thing they do is set SPECIFIC goals. (Do you?)
btw: In her great book by the same name, she summarizes all NINE things by telling us: “Successful people set very specific goals and seize opportunities to act on them (using strategies like if-then planning). They always know how far they have to go and stay focused on what still needs to be done. They believe they will succeed, but embrace the fact that success will not come easily. They remember that it’s about making progress, rather than doing everything perfectly right out the gate. They believe that they can develop their abilities through effort, which makes them gritty in the face of setbacks and challenges. They build their willpower through frequent exercise, make plans for how to cope when willpower is low, and try not to put themselves in situations where temptations abound. They focus on what they will do, rather than what they won’t do.”
Finally, I thought of the great peak performance guru, Dr. Bob Rotella. In How Champions Think, he echoes this wisdom when he tells us that one of the biggest challenges he faces is getting people to THINK AND DREAM BIGGER.
Here’s how Rotella puts it: “The average person won’t set a goal unless he thinks, and people close to him think, that he has at least a fifty-fifty chance of reaching it. That’s what the average person considers a realistic goal.”
And: “The exceptional person, the person who does great things, doesn’t see things that way. The exceptional person has a vision—of great performances, of a great career, of a great something—and doesn’t care about what others might say or think. He ignores information that suggests his dream is unrealistic. He just sets about making that vision a reality.”
Spotlight on YOU! What do you REALLY REALLY REALLY want in your life? Remember that science says we want to set “CHALLENGING” and “SPECIFIC” goals for yourself. Then we want to WOOP it... Know the price you’ll need to pay. Then get busy paying it. TODAY.
Don’t complain. Just work harder.
Use what talents you possess; the woods would be very silent if no birds sang except those that sang best.
There are two kinds of people in the world: the vulnerable and the dead. Those who live only to avoid hurt are the living dead.
How to Triple Your Success
“It is indisputable that attaching if-then statements to goals has a massive impact on follow-through, particularly with hard goals. Regardless of whether the goal was a health screening, dieting, or studying a certain number of hours for an independent study project, subjects who said that they would take a specific action at a certain time or in response to another cue usually enjoyed triple the success of their peers.”
Want to TRIPLE your success? Use “if-then” statements.
Scientists call these “implementation intentions.” A guy named Peter Gollwitzer came up with them. He’s married to my friend Gabriele Oettingen who wrote another one of my favorite positive psychology books called Rethinking Positive Thinking.
Implementation intentions are, essentially, the ‘P = Plan” in Gabriele’s brilliant WOOP model that has been scientifically shown to help us make our dreams a reality.
To recap: We start with a Wish. Then we think about the Outcome (or benefits). Then we see the potential Obstacles. THEN we create a Plan with “if-then” statements to dominate the obstacles.
Note: We have an entire class called “Algorithms 101” and we spend a TON (!!!) of time in our 300-day Heroic Coach certification program on helping you master the process of writing these if-then statement-algorithms to help you change your life and... TRIPLE your success.
You Gotta Have Grit
“It’s apparent that grit is a quality that people from all walks of life possess. It takes as much grit to rise from homelessness to job stability and home ownership as it does to be a concert-level pianist. Being gritty is applicable to accomplishing many important goals in our lives, particularly if we have long-term ambitions for ourselves that will involve years of hard work, persistence, setbacks, lack of family support, and other difficult conditions. We may even need grit to overcome an affluent childhood during which we were never criticized or asked to do something hard.”
That’s from a chapter called “You Gotta Have Grit.”
Quick story... I can vividly remember when I was first introduced to Caroline and her work. It was a few days after the Thomas Fire in December 2017. That fire forced us to evacuate our home in Ojai, California for a few weeks and it would have completely wiped out that great little town if it wasn’t for the Heroic efforts of the fire crews that stepped up to save the day.
Emerson was 5 years old. Eleanor was almost 2 years old. I saw Caroline’s book Getting Grit on the stand in the spa at the hotel we were staying/living at. I figured the time was right to get some grit (it always is but... hah!) and LOVED IT. Check out the Notes on that book for more.
And, of course, check out our Notes on Angela Duckworth’s great book, Grit. btw: Angela says: “I don’t know anybody who has thought more than Caroline Miller about how to apply the scientific research on grit and achievement to our own lives.”
For now, know that, as Caroline says in *this* book: “There are many ways you can build grit. Here are some of the best ideas from top researchers in the field: Don’t be a quitter, be around gritty people, work on optimism, read biographies or stories about gritty people, pursue something with passion, don’t shrink from challenges, and don’t allow failure or criticism to define you.”
Note: As I read that list, I thought of a chat I had with Tal Ben-Shahar in which he told me that he thinks BIOGRAPHIES are the best self-development books you can read!
With that super-quick look at a great book, I say... Here’s to creating our best lives as we optimize our Big Four (optimism, self-confidence, extroversion, and self-efficacy!), cultivate our willpower, set some life-changing goals (specific and challenging!), and triple our success with if-then implementation intentions as we get our grit on... TODAY!
Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind.